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The Rise of Economic Nexus
The U.S. tax landscape changed fundamentally in 2018. Before then, you usually needed a physical office or other physical presence to be taxed. Today, states can impose tax obligations on "Remote Sellers" based purely on the volume of their sales activity. This is known as Economic Nexus.
While each state sets its own rules, the common benchmark is achieving $100,000 in annual sales or 200 separate transactions within that state although we are seeing more states removing the transaction threshold. If you cross either threshold, you must register and collect sales tax there: Even if your company has no physical footprint in the country. Currently, 45 states plus the district of Columbia collect sales tax and they have all adopted these rules for out-of-state sellers.
Physical presence: More than just an office
Despite the focus on remote sales, Physical Presence remains a frequent trigger for tax obligations. Many foreign companies assume they lack a physical footprint, but the U.S. definition is very broad. You may create a legal connection just by having an employee travel to a state for meetings, attending a trade show, hiring a contractor, hiring an employee through an PEO or EOR or by storing inventory in a warehouse.
This is particularly relevant for businesses using FBA and Sales tax systems. Because Amazon may move your goods between different warehouses across the U.S., you could unknowingly create a physical link in multiple states at once. Other triggers include owning or leasing equipment, or providing on-site services like installations and repairs. Small operational decisions often have large tax consequences.
Managing your compliance strategy
Ignoring these rules can lead to back taxes and heavy penalties. In the U.S., the "burden of proof" is on your company; if an auditor assesses a tax bill, you must prove it is not due. To stay safe, you need a structured process that identifies where your obligations began and confirms if your specific product is taxable in that jurisdiction.
It is also vital to manage your documents correctly. For example, if you sell to a partner who will resell your product, you must obtain a Reseller’s Certificate to avoid being held liable for the tax yourself. Moving from uncertainty to a clear framework allows you to grow your U.S. business with confidence, knowing you are protected against future audits.
